Context: On April 8, 2025, the Tamil Nadu government imposed a one-year ban on the manufacture, storage, distribution, and sale of mayonnaise made with raw eggs, citing serious public health concerns. The move is aimed at reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses, especially in India’s warm and humid climate which fosters bacterial contamination.
What is Mayonnaise?
- Mayonnaise is a semi-solid emulsion traditionally made from oil, egg yolk, and an acid such as vinegar or lemon juice. The protein in egg yolk acts as an emulsifier, binding the oil and water to create a creamy sauce.
- Though its origins lie in France or Spain, it is now widely used in global cuisines and fast foods—from burgers and sandwiches to shawarmas and momos.
Health Risks of Raw Egg-Based Mayonnaise
The core issue stems from the use of raw eggs, which can carry pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli). These bacteria are normally killed during cooking, but remain active in raw preparations like mayonnaise.
- Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness, hospitalizations, and deaths worldwide. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. The CDC warns that warm and humid conditions—common in India—create ideal environments for its growth.
- E. coli bacteria, while mostly harmless, include strains that can cause serious infections in the gut, urinary tract, and other organs. The risk is heightened in vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals.
The Tamil Nadu government classified raw egg mayonnaise as a “high-risk food,” especially given the widespread issue of improper preparation and storage. While mayonnaise is energy-dense, raw eggs make it a vehicle for potential bacterial infections.
Market and Policy Impacts:
The ban is likely to prompt food businesses to switch to eggless or pasteurised egg versions. Fortunately, the Indian mayonnaise market is already dominated by eggless alternatives, so the impact may be minimal.
· Tamil Nadu follows Telangana, which enforced a similar ban in November 2024. This policy is in line with Tamil Nadu’s earlier bans on gutka and paan masala—both identified as hazardous food items.
· Meanwhile, Punjab recently banned the sale of caffeinated energy drinks to children and near schools, initiating a scientific study on their health effects.
