Lokpal Inquiry and Prosecution Wings
Context:
Recently, A Parliamentary Standing Committee has sought details regarding the operationalisation of the inquiry and prosecution wings of the Lokpal, highlighting concerns over delays even more than a decade after the enactment of the Lokpal law. The panel has asked the government to provide a clear roadmap and current status of these crucial institutional mechanisms.
About Lokpal:
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- The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 came into force in January 2014, but the Lokpal became functional only in 2019 after the appointment of its chairperson and members. The Act envisages the Lokpal as an independent anti-corruption ombudsman with powers to investigate allegations against public servants, including high-ranking officials like PM and Ministers.
- As per statutory provisions, the Lokpal must establish an Inquiry Wing headed by a Director of Inquiry to conduct preliminary investigations into corruption cases, and a Prosecution Wing headed by a Director of Prosecution to pursue cases in courts. These wings are essential for ensuring independent and time-bound action against corruption.
- However, the committee noted that the inquiry wing is still not fully operational, with key appointments such as the Director of Inquiry pending and staffing incomplete. While the prosecution wing was formally constituted in June 2025, its functioning remains limited, and prosecution work is currently being handled largely by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
- The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 came into force in January 2014, but the Lokpal became functional only in 2019 after the appointment of its chairperson and members. The Act envisages the Lokpal as an independent anti-corruption ombudsman with powers to investigate allegations against public servants, including high-ranking officials like PM and Ministers.
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Significance of Fully Functional Wings:
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- Ensures independent investigation and prosecution
- Reduces reliance on external agencies
- Enhances accountability and transparency
- Strengthens public trust in anti-corruption institutions
- Ensures independent investigation and prosecution
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Committee Recommendations:
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- Expedite appointment of Director of Inquiry
- Fully staff the inquiry wing as per approved structure
- Strengthen coordination with investigative agencies
- Make both wings fully functional within a time-bound manner
- Ensure system is efficient, responsive, and autonomous
- Expedite appointment of Director of Inquiry
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Way Forward:
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- Fast-track institutional capacity building
- Provide adequate manpower and resources
- Strengthen coordination with CBI, CVC, and judiciary
- Improve case tracking and transparency mechanisms
- Periodic parliamentary oversight
- Fast-track institutional capacity building
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Conclusion:
The Lokpal was envisioned as a cornerstone of India’s anti-corruption framework, but incomplete operationalisation of its inquiry and prosecution wings has limited its impact. Ensuring full functionality is essential for effective governance, rule of law, and institutional accountability.
