Context:

A recent study has raised alarm over the shrinking grasslands of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park (DSNP) in Assam, India — the only known habitat of feral horses in the country. The park’s delicate ecosystem is now under serious threat from both invasive and native plant species, leading to habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity.

Native and Invasive Plants:

An invasive plant is a non-native species that spreads rapidly and aggressively in a new environment, often outcompeting native plants. It disrupts local ecosystems, reduces biodiversity, and can cause environmental and economic harm.

·        The study identified two native plants, Bombax ceiba (Simalu) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (Ajar), which are contributing to the changes in the park's ecosystem.

·        These native species, along with invasive species like Chromolaena odorata, Ageratum conyzoides, Parthenium hysterophorous, and Mikania micrantha, are altering the park's grassland-dominated landscape.

Impact on Biodiversity:

The study found that the changes in the park's landscape pose a serious threat to the survival of grassland-obligate faunal species, many of which are already globally threatened due to ongoing habitat loss.

·        Some notable species that are rapidly decreasing include the Bengal florican, hog deer, and swamp grass babbler.

About Feral Horses:

Dibru-Saikhowa National Park in Assam is home to India’s only population of feral horses. Unlike wild animals, they lack legal protection under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, making them vulnerable to multiple threats.

·        These horses face serious threats from habitat loss, floods, competition with livestock, and illegal capture.

About Dibru-Saikhowa National Park:

Located in Assam’s Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park spans 765 sq. km, with a core area of 340 sq. km.

·        Surrounded by the Brahmaputra, Lohit, and Dibru rivers, it boasts a tropical monsoon climate and is India’s largest salix swamp forest, supporting rich flora and fauna.

·        Declared a Reserved Forest in 1890, it became a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1995, a Biosphere Reserve in 1997, and a National Park in 1999.

·        The park hosts over 36 mammal species, including Bengal tigers, elephants, and feral horses, and is a haven for over 500 bird species like the white-winged wood duck and Bengal florican.

·        It features semi-evergreen forests, grasslands, and wetlands, with rich orchid flora and diverse fish and reptile populations, making it a vital biodiversity hotspot.

Conclusion:

Researchers recommend targeted grassland restoration, stricter control of invasive species, and community-based conservation initiatives. Without immediate intervention, the feral horses of Dibru-Saikhowa may soon lose their last refuge.