Context:

In a recent session of the Goa Legislative Assembly, several MLAs across party lines demanded the legalisation of dhirio — the traditional practice of bullfighting in Goa.

About Dhirio:

Dhiri, or Dhirio, is a traditional bullfighting sport in Goa where two bulls lock horns in open grounds or paddy fields. Unlike the Spanish version, Goan bullfighting does not involve matadors or killing.

·        The contest ends when one bull backs down or retreats.

·        Bulls are trained and prepared specifically for these events, often given names like “Tyson” or “Rambo” and treated with celebrity-like reverence by local communities.

Cultural and Social Significance:

Historically, Dhiri is tied to post-harvest feasts and church celebrations. It is seen not merely as sport, but a social ritual that fosters village pride and unity.

·        The events are accompanied by festivities, and discussions around them continue for days.

·        This tradition also engages the Goan diaspora, many of whom participate in betting on these fights from abroad, making it a socio-economic microcosm with strong cultural roots.

Legal and Ethical Concerns:

The High Court of Bombay at Goa banned dhirio in 1996 following a fatal incident, citing violations under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.

·        The Act prohibits the incitement of animals to fight. Despite the ban, the fights continue illegally, often accompanied by high-stakes betting.

·        Animal rights activists strongly oppose any move to legalise the practice, arguing it involves deliberate provocation and results in injuries or death of animals.
Organisations like PETA highlight the psychological trauma and physical harm inflicted on bulls, questioning the moral compass of a society that entertains itself through animal violence.

Arguments for Legalisation:

Legislators and cultural proponents present several arguments:

• Cultural Continuity: Dhirio is seen as a centuries-old tradition tied to Goan identity.
• Regulated Sport: Like boxing, bullfighting could be regulated, with safety measures such as capping horns to prevent severe injuries.
• Tourism and Revenue: Legalisation could transform dhirio into a tourist attraction, promoting rural livelihoods and agri-tourism.
• Precedent from Tamil Nadu: The legal protection given to jallikattu through state-specific amendment offers a legislative model.

Conclusion

The demand to legalise bullfighting in Goa brings to the fore a sensitive intersection of culture, legality, ethics, and public policy. For civil servants and policymakers, it is a reminder of the importance of balancing tradition with constitutional morality, and ensuring that lawmaking is sensitive, inclusive, and forward-looking.