Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: According to IMD criteria, a standard Depression has a maximum sustained surface wind speed ranging between 31–50 km/h.

Statement 2 is correct: A Deep Depression is classified when maximum sustained wind speeds step up to 51–61 km/h.

Statement 3 is incorrect: A system becomes a formally classified Cyclonic Storm as soon as it reaches a wind speed threshold of 62–88 km/h (not 88 km/h minimum). Because the recent Bay of Bengal system stayed within the 51–61 km/h range, it remained a deep depression.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The naming of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean is managed sequentially by the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones comprising 13 member nations.

Statement 2 is incorrect: A weather system does not receive a formal cyclone name at the depression or deep depression stage; it is only assigned a name from the list after attaining the intensity of a Cyclonic Storm (62 km/h or higher).

Statement 3 is correct: "Arnab" is the next sequential name provided by Bangladesh (meaning "ocean" in Bengali), which is why it trended online despite the system technically failing to cross the cyclone intensity threshold.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: KAVACH is India’s home-grown Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system designed by the RDSO in collaboration with domestic industries to enhance train safety and prevent accidents.

Statement 2 is correct: The system complies with Safety Integrity Level-4 (SIL-4) standards, which is the highest international benchmark for safety integrity in electronic railway signalling systems. Statement 3 is correct: Major technical improvements introduced in KAVACH 4.0 include station-to-station communication via Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) networks and seamless, direct interfacing with existing Electronic Interlocking Systems to improve yard and station signal coordination.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: KAVACH Version 4.0 was commissioned over 108 route kilometres on the Malkajgiri–Kamareddi section of the Hyderabad Division within the South Central Railway (SCR) zone as a major upgrade from Version 3.2.

Statement 2 is incorrect: KAVACH is an advanced technical aid designed to assist loco-pilots and prevent overspeeding or collisions, but it does not replace fundamental human procedures, standard track maintenance, or overall institutional safety protocols. Systemic human resource requirements and physical maintenance remain vital.

Statement 3 is correct: The architecture relies on an integrated network of trackside RFID tags, telecommunication towers, and locomotive equipment to actively supervise continuous movement authority, manage braking, and prevent Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD).

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Intermediaries must exercise due diligence under the IT Rules, 2021, and lose safe harbour immunity under Section 79 of the IT Act if they fail to remove child sexual abuse material after receiving actual knowledge or lawful orders.

Statement 2 is incorrect: "Police" and "Public Order" are State subjects under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, meaning state police handle cybercrime investigations rather than an exclusive central agency.

Statement 3 is correct: The NCPCR operates the POCSO e-box for reporting online sexual abuse and offenses under the POCSO Act.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: According to Section 3 of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958, power is vested in the Central Government or the Governor of the State or administrator of the Union Territory to declare the whole or part of the State/UT as a disturbed area.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Act itself does not explicitly define the term "disturbed area." Instead, the expression has been judicially interpreted (such as by the Supreme Court in landmark judgments) as an area where peace and tranquility are absent, making the use of extraordinary armed forces necessary.

Statement 3 is correct: Section 6 of the Act provides immunity/protection to persons acting in good faith in exercise of powers conferred under AFSPA, stating that no prosecution, suit, or other legal proceeding shall be instituted against any person except with the previous sanction of the Central Government.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: According to the given extension order, AFSPA remains in force in Manipur, while 13 police station jurisdictions in five valley districts have been excluded from its purview. Central Government notifications regarding AFSPA in Manipur have continued to provide for such territorial exclusions.

Statement 2 is correct: According to the given order, AFSPA has been extended in Nagaland to nine full districts and 21 designated police station jurisdictions in five other districts. The Ministry of Home Affairs' current AFSPA notifications list such area-specific declarations for Nagaland.

Statement 3 is incorrect: In Arunachal Pradesh, AFSPA is not limited only to Tirap and Changlang. Longding district is also covered under it. In addition, certain designated police station jurisdictions in Namsai district bordering Assam are also within its purview. The Ministry of Home Affairs' notifications explicitly include Tirap, Changlang, and Longding.