Answer: A

Explanation:

Under the Women’s Reservation Act, 2023, provision has been made for 33% reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.

However, its implementation will not be immediate. It will come into effect only after the completion of the Census and the delimitation process. Due to the delay in the 2021 Census, the issue has become more relevant. The government is considering the possibility of implementing it before the 2029 general elections, possibly based on the 2011 Census data.

From a constitutional perspective, the orders of the Delimitation Commission are not subject to judicial review under Article 329, meaning they cannot be challenged in courts.

Although there have been recent debates regarding the use of 2011 population data and concerns about imbalance in representation among states, especially in South India the finality of the Delimitation Commission’s decisions remains intact.

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Plea Bargaining is an important statutory provision within India’s criminal justice system, introduced through amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) to ensure the speedy and efficient disposal of cases.


• However, its scope does not extend to all types of offences. It is primarily limited to less serious offences and is not applicable to heinous crimes, socio-economic offences, and offences against women and children, which highlights its scope limitation.


• The broader concept of Negotiated Justice, which includes mechanisms like plea bargaining, can play a significant role in reducing the burden of pending cases, improving the speed of justice delivery and enhancing the overall efficiency of the judicial system.


• Thus, this topic not only reflects the nature and limitations of legal provisions but also tests understanding of key dimensions such as judicial reforms, speedy justice and access to justice.

Answer: A

Explanation:

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is using Artificial Intelligence to enhance the accuracy of weather forecasting, enabling better prediction of cyclones, rainfall, and other weather events. Similarly, the Central Water Commission (CWC) uses AI-based models and data analytics for flood forecasting and water management, strengthening disaster management capabilities.

However, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) does not limit the use of AI only to military purposes. It is also used in disaster management, surveillance, robotics and civilian applications.

Answer: C

Explanation:

The ‘Vayu Baan’ project is an advanced defence initiative of India, under which helicopter-launched drones/loitering munitions are being developed.

Its primary objective is to strike distant and precise targets, especially in areas where the use of conventional weapons is difficult.

This system provides stand-off strike capability, in line with the requirements of modern warfare, allowing armed forces to engage targets from a safe distance.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Biological drugs generally have high specificity, as they act on specific targets such as proteins or cells.

In contrast, their structure is highly complex, not simple—hence statement 2 is incorrect.

These drugs may exhibit immunogenicity, meaning the body’s immune system can respond to them.

Additionally, biological drugs are highly sensitive to temperature and require a proper cold-chain system for storage and transportation.