Answer: A

Explanation:

The Delhi–Dehradun Economic Corridor is an important example of environmentally balanced infrastructure development. In this project, to ensure the safe movement of wildlife, an approximately 12 km long elevated wildlife corridor has been constructed, so that the natural migration routes of elephants and other animals are not obstructed. This presents a strong example of “environment-sensitive infrastructure design” in India.

The statement “only economic development” is misleading, because in this project, along with economic progress, equal importance has been given to environmental protection, conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development.

In fact, this project gives concrete form to the principle of sustainable development in which a balance is established between development and environment; such as wildlife corridor construction, reduction in fuel consumption and pollution control.

In the contemporary perspective, the concept of “green infrastructure” is rapidly emerging in India, in which measures like eco-bridges, underpasses and wildlife corridors are included. Along with this, the Supreme Court and the National Green Tribunal (NGT) have also clarified from time to time that development projects should not disrupt wildlife habitats. India has also emphasized climate-sensitive and sustainable infrastructure on global platforms like COP-26.

Answer: B

Explanation:

According to recent data, China has become India’s largest trading partner, which is determined on the basis of the total trade value (imports + exports) between the two countries. This means that the level of trade with a country depends not only on exports, but on total transactions.

On the other hand, it is also true that India is still highly dependent on imports in sectors such as electronics, machinery and APIs (raw materials of the pharmaceutical industry), which reflects the structural limitations of its manufacturing sector.

Thus, Statement (A) is correct because India’s total trade value with China is higher compared to other countries, while Reason (R) is also correct because India’s import dependence contributes to increasing this trade.

However, the important point here is that R does not directly explain A, because China becoming the largest trading partner is based on overall trade (combined value of imports and exports), not only on import dependence. Reason (R) only explains why imports are high, not why total trade is the highest. Therefore, both statements are correct but their relationship is indirect, not direct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

In the nine-point agenda of “Developed Karnataka–Developed India” presented by the Prime Minister, clear emphasis has been laid on citizen-centric development, where every citizen is considered an active participant in the process of nation-building, therefore Statement (A) is correct.

Along with this, in this agenda, sustainable development, preservation of cultural values and collective responsibility have been presented as the foundation of development, from which it becomes clear that when development is not only economic but also incorporates social, cultural and environmental dimensions, then it becomes more inclusive and long-term, therefore Reason (R) is also correct.

Since these elements—sustainability, public participation and cultural balance—are the foundation of a citizen-centric development model, therefore R correctly explains A.

In the present context, under the long-term vision of “Developed India @2047”, special emphasis is being laid on major dimensions such as citizen participation, sustainable development, connection with cultural roots and governance reforms, which further strengthens the relevance of this model.

Answer: C

Explanation:

In this question, Statement (A) is incorrect, because the objective of the proposed “COP of the Future” approach for COP31 is not to promote only the priorities of developed countries, but to establish inclusive and balanced climate governance, in which participation of developing countries, climate justice and equality have been given special importance.

Whereas Reason (R) is correct, because in this model, moving beyond the traditional negotiation-based approach, emphasis has been laid on an implementation-based strategy, climate finance and technology transfer, so that climate commitments can be converted into real actions.

In the present context, when developing countries have long been demanding climate finance, technical assistance and capacity building, this new approach is an important step towards “from commitment to implementation.”

Therefore, it is clear that Statement (A) is incorrect and Reason (R) is correct.