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Daily-mcqs 13 Apr 2026

Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams 13 Apr 2026

Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams

Q1:

With reference to the Three-Language Formula in India, consider the following statements:

1.   It was first introduced in the National Education Policy of 1986.

2.   It mandates that all three languages must be Indian languages.

3.   It aims to promote multilingualism and national integration.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 3 only

C: 1 and 3 only

D: 1, 2 and 3

Show

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Three-Language Formula was first introduced in the NEP 1968, not 1986.

Statement 2 is incorrect: It requires at least two Indian languages, not all three.

Statement 3 is correct: Its core objective is to promote multilingualism and national unity.

Q2:

Consider the following statements regarding language provisions in the Indian Constitution:

1.   Article 343 declares Hindi as the official language of the Union.

2.   Article 351 directs the Union to promote the spread of Hindi.

3.   States have no authority over education policy as it is in the Union List.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 2 and 3 only

C: 1 and 3 only

D: 1, 2 and 3

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Article 343(1) of the Indian Constitution explicitly states that the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.

Statement 2 is correct: Article 351 provides a special directive for the development of the Hindi language, making it the duty of the Union to promote its spread and development so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all elements of India's composite culture.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Education is not in the Union List. While it was originally a State subject, the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 moved it to the Concurrent List (Entry 25). This means both the Union and the States have authority over education policy, although Union laws prevail in case of conflict.

Q3:

With reference to Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), consider the following statements:

1.   HFCs deplete the ozone layer.

2.   HFCs have a high Global Warming Potential (GWP).

3.   HFCs were introduced as substitutes for Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 2 and 3 only

C: 1 and 3 only

D: 1, 2 and 3

Show

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer.

Statement 2 is correct: They have very high GWP, often thousands of times higher than CO₂.

Statement 3 is correct: They were introduced after CFCs were phased out under the Montreal Protocol.

Q4:

Consider the following statements regarding India’s recent directive by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change:

1.   No new Environmental Clearance (EC) for HFC production will be granted after 2027.

2.   Existing HFC projects must be operational before the end of 2027.

3.   The directive aims to reduce HFC production to zero by 2028.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 2 only

C: 1 and 3 only

D: 1, 2 and 3

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) issued a directive on April 1, 2026, stating that no new or additional Environmental Clearance (EC) for the production of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) will be granted after December 31, 2027.

Statement 2 is correct: For any new HFC production projects that have already been granted clearance or are seeking it before the deadline, project proponents must provide an affidavit ensuring that all installations and production will be operational before the end of 2027.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The directive does not aim to reduce HFC production to zero by 2028. Instead, 2028 is the "freeze year" under the Kigali Amendment, where production and consumption must stabilize at a baseline level (the average of 2024–2026). India's actual phase-down schedule begins in 2032, with a target to reduce HFCs by 85% by 2047, not to reach zero by 2028.

Q5:

Consider the following statements about the Kigali Amendment:

1.   It was adopted in 2016 in Rwanda.

2.   It is legally binding on all signatory countries.

3.   It aims to completely eliminate HFCs by 2030.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 2 and 3 only

C: 1 and 3 only

D: 1, 2 and 3

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Kigali Amendment was adopted on October 15, 2016, during the 28th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol held in Kigali, Rwanda.

Statement 2 is correct: It is a legally binding international agreement for all signatory countries that have ratified it. It includes non-compliance measures and enforceable obligations under international law.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The amendment does not aim to "completely eliminate" HFCs by 2030. Instead, it mandates a gradual phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by roughly 80-85% by the late 2040s. Different groups of countries have different timelines; for example, India's phase-down target is an 85% reduction by 2047.