Answer: D

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: RAMBHA-LP (Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive Ionosphere and Atmosphere - Langmuir Probe) is a key lander payload. Its main task is to measure the near-surface plasma environment, including electron density and temperature, which interact with the solar wind.

Statement 2 is correct: ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) was designed to carry out temperature profiling of the lunar surface. It probed the thermal conductivity and temperature gradient of the lunar topsoil near the south pole.

Statement 3 is correct: ILSA (Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity) is tasked with recording ground vibrations and moonquakes near the landing site to help researchers understand the lunar crust and mantle.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Chandrayaan-3 is a mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 but omitted a dedicated scientific orbiter. It utilized a lightweight Propulsion Module (PM) to transport the Lander and Rover modules into lunar orbit.

Statement 2 is correct: The mission was successfully launched using ISRO's largest operational rocket, the LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3, formerly known as GSLV-Mk3).

Statement 3 is correct: The Propulsion Module carried a single experimental payload called SHAPE (Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth). Its primary goal is to study Earth's atmosphere and spectral signatures from the lunar orbit to help identify habitable exoplanets in the future.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 and 2 are correct: The Zojila Tunnel, once fully operational, is set to be Asia’s longest bi-directional single-tube road tunnel built at a record altitude of 11,578 feet. It links Baltal (near Sonamarg) in the Ganderbal district of Jammu & Kashmir with Minamarg in the Dras sector of Ladakh.

Statement 3 is correct: The tunnel is a pivotal infrastructure project along the Srinagar-Kargil-Leh National Highway-1 (NH-1), securing year-round connectivity.

Statement 4 is incorrect: The tunnel is being excavated using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), which is a modern engineering technique uniquely suited for complex and fragile Himalayan mountain geology, rather than the "Cut and Cover" method.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Presently, the Zojila Pass is heavily impacted by snowfall and avalanches, remaining closed for 3 to 4 months every winter, which seasonally isolates Ladakh. The tunnel provides a permanent bypass, ensuring uninterrupted, year-round access.

Statement 2 is correct: The tunnel will dramatically reduce the time taken to cross the Zojila mountain stretch from around 3.5 hours to just 15 minutes, which will drastically cut fuel consumption and transportation costs for essential goods.

Statement 3 is correct: From a national security perspective, the tunnel acts as a major strategic asset. Located close to the sensitive LoC and LAC, it enables seamless and rapid deployment of troops, heavy military equipment, and supplies even during extreme winter weather.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: FCNR(B) deposits are fixed-term deposits opened by Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs), and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) in India. These accounts allow deposits in designated foreign currencies (such as USD, GBP, EUR, etc.) without converting them into Indian rupees.

Statement 2 is incorrect: In FCNR(B) deposits, the entire foreign exchange risk (risk of currency fluctuation) is entirely borne by the bank, making it a stable and risk-free investment for the non-resident depositor.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Interest earned on FCNR(B) deposits is completely tax-free in India for eligible non-residents, making it a lucrative instrument.