Context:

On May 7, 2025, the Government of Himachal Pradesh officially declared the Tsarap Chu Conservation Reserve under Section 36A(1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Located in the cold desert of Spiti Valley, this newly designated reserve is now the largest conservation reserve in India, emphasizing the state’s commitment to biodiversity and ecological protection.

About Tsarap Chu Conservation Reserve:

• The Tsarap Chu Conservation Reserve is known for its high density of snow leopards (Panthera uncia), often referred to as the "ghost of the mountains" due to their elusive nature. These apex predators inhabit snowy and rocky terrains at altitudes between 3,000 to 5,000 metres, and their presence is an indicator of a healthy ecosystem.
• In addition to the snow leopard, the reserve is home to several key species such as the Tibetan wolf, bharal (blue sheep), Himalayan ibex, kiang (Tibetan wild ass), and the Tibetan argali (wild sheep). Avian diversity includes Rose Finch, Tibetan Raven, and Yellow-billed Chough, enhancing the area’s ornithological significance.
• Tsarap Chu is now the fifth conservation reserve in the state, joining Darlaghat, Naina Devi, Potter Hill, and Shilli. Its large size and location make it very important for protecting wildlife and nature.

It is surrounded by:

• Ladakh in the north,
• Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary to the east,
• Kabjima Nala to the south, and
• Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary to the west.

The Unam River and Charap Nala meet inside this area. Tsarap Chu also connects the Kibber and Chandratal sanctuaries, forming an important route for wild animals to move safely between habitats.

About the Snow Leopard: 

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a vulnerable big cat native to the high mountains of Central and South Asia, found across 12 countries, including India, China, and Mongolia.

·        In India, it inhabits cold, rugged regions of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. As a top predator, it plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem health and signals the impact of climate change in mountain habitats.

·        However, threats like poaching, habitat loss, and human-wildlife conflict have put its survival at risk. The global population is estimated to be between 4,000 and 6,500 individuals.

Conclusion:

The creation of the Tsarap Chu Conservation Reserve marks a significant step toward protecting high-altitude ecosystems, promoting community participation, and preserving biodiversity in one of India’s most fragile and remote landscapes.