Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) is located in Karnal, Haryana, not Bengaluru. It is the designated nodal institution for the registration, characterization, and documentation of livestock and poultry genetic footprints in India.

Statement 2 is correct: A major driver for systematic breed identification is to convert "non-descript" (unclassified or mixed) animal populations into scientifically recognized, well-documented indigenous groups. This makes it easier to design tailored conservation and sustainable breeding programs.

Statement 3 is incorrect: With the addition of the 16 newly registered breeds in August 2026, the total number of scientifically recognized animal breeds registered by ICAR-NBAGR stands at 262 (which includes 258 indigenous and 4 synthetic breeds), not over 300.

Answer: D

Explanation:

All four pairs are correctly matched based on the official documentation from the 14th Breed Registration Committee meeting:

Periyar: Recognized as a distinct indigenous cattle breed native to Kerala.

Kombai: A historic, highly resilient indigenous hound dog breed registered from Tamil Nadu.

Seemanchali: Added to the national database as a native sheep breed from the agro-ecological pockets of Bihar.

Gomanchali: Officially documented as an indigenous buffalo breed specialized to the coastal environmental conditions of Goa.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1, 2, and 3 are correct: The Makkah Joint Defence Agreement was signed on August 7, 2026, at Al-Safa Palace in Mecca (Makkah) by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan. It bridges three significant regional capabilities: Saudi financial capital, Türkiye’s advanced defense-industrial technology (such as drones and missiles), and Pakistan’s conventional military manpower alongside its nuclear status.

Statements 4 and 5 are incorrect: Iran is not a signatory to the pact, though reports have emerged regarding potential regional diplomatic outreach. Similarly, Egypt has been discussed by leadership as a prospective future candidate for expansion, but it is not a founding or current signatory of the initial August 2026 trilateral agreement.

Core Provision: The pact includes a mutual-defense clause stating that an armed attack on any single member constitutes an attack on all three.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The signatory nations have explicitly situated the agreement within Article 51 of the UN Charter, which recognizes the inherent right of independent states to engage in individual or collective self-defence when confronted with an armed attack.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Unlike NATO, the MJDA does not feature an integrated, permanent multi-national military command structure or an automatic nuclear deterrent guarantee extending Pakistan's nuclear capabilities over Saudi Arabia or Türkiye. The political commitment to view an attack as mutual remains distinct from institutionalized NATO operational integration.

Statement 3 is correct: Officials from Pakistan and Türkiye have publicly emphasized that the alignment is purely defensive in orientation, designed to boost collective deterrence against growing instability and security threats across West Asia and the Gulf corridors.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Jojari River flows through Rajasthan and has been in the news due to severe industrial pollution affecting regional water bodies alongside the Luni and Bandi rivers.

Statement 2 is correct: Geographically, the Jojari is a unique right-bank tributary of the Luni River because it does not originate in the Aravalli hills; instead, its source lies in the Pandwala hills in the Nagaur district of Rajasthan.