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Daily-mcqs 24 Oct 2026

Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams 24 Oct 2026

Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams

Q1:

With reference to the Emissions Gap Report 2026 released by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), consider the following statements:

The report notes that limiting global warming to 1.5°C without overshoot is no longer achievable.

To follow the lowest-overshoot pathway, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced relative to 2025 levels by 18% by 2030, 45% by 2035, and 69% by 2040.

G20 members, excluding the African Union, account for less than half of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 2 only

C: 2 and 3 only

D: 1, 2, and 3

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2026 titled "The Point of Return" states that limiting warming to 1.5°C without overshoot is out of reach.

Statement 2 is correct: The lowest-overshoot pathway requires global greenhouse gas emissions to drop by 18% by 2030, 45% by 2035, and 69% by 2040 relative to 2025 levels.

Statement 3 is incorrect: G20 members (excluding the African Union) account for approximately 76 per cent of global emissions.

Q2:

Consider the following statements regarding the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD):

It was formally established at COP27 in 2022 and operationalized at COP28 in 2023.

The Fund is hosted under the administrative umbrella of the World Bank.

It exclusively provides loans and commercial credit lines to developing countries for climate-induced mitigation projects.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 2 only

C: 2 and 3 only

D: 1, 2, and 3

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD) was formally agreed upon and established during COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, in 2022, and its governing instrument was adopted at COP28 in Dubai in 2023.

Statement 2 is correct: The interim trustee and host institution for the Loss and Damage Fund is the World Bank.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The FRLD primarily provides grants (and concessional financing) to assist vulnerable developing countries with economic and non-economic losses from climate change impacts that cannot be avoided through adaptation or mitigation, rather than focusing on mitigation projects or standard commercial loans.

Q3:

With reference to the recent decision by the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD) concerning Nepal in October 2026, consider the following statements:

Nepal became the first country-specific beneficiary to have resources earmarked by the FRLD in response to a sudden-onset climate disaster.

The earmarked amount of $20 million ($21.6 million total including oversight fees) immediately covers the entirety of Nepal’s reconstruction requirement.

Disbursement of the funds is conditional upon Nepal submitting and clearing a formal project-based funding proposal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 1 and 3 only

C: 2 and 3 only

D: 1, 2, and 3

Show

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: In October 2026, the FRLD board made a historic milestone decision to earmark approximately $20 million ($21.6 million including $1.6 million in oversight fees) for Nepal following the devastating August 2026 Bhotekoshi–Trishuli glacial lake outburst/avalanche floods, marking the Fund's first country-specific allocation for a sudden-onset disaster.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The $20 million allocation represents less than 0.5% (or under 1%) of Nepal's self-assessed economic and reconstruction losses, which are estimated between $4.7 billion and $5 billion.

Statement 3 is correct: Earmarking the funds does not mean instant cash transfer; Nepal is still required to complete and clear a formal project proposal and approval process before the money is actually disbursed.

Q4:

Consider the following statements regarding the India-Poland bilateral relations:

India and Poland established diplomatic relations in 1954 and elevated them to a Strategic Partnership in August 2024.

During Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s visit to India in October 2026, both nations agreed to double bilateral trade to USD 12 billion by 2030.

Poland has decided to join the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), an initiative launched by India.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 1 and 3 only

C: 2 and 3 only

D: 1, 2, and 3

Show

Answer: D

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: India and Poland established diplomatic ties in 1954 and celebrated 70 years of diplomatic engagement in 2024, during which Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Warsaw in August 2024 formally elevated the relationship to a Strategic Partnership.

Statement 2 is correct: During Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk's official visit to India from October 21–23, 2026, the two leaders set a target to double bilateral trade from roughly USD 6 billion to USD 12 billion by 2030.

Statement 3 is correct: As part of the expanded cooperation framework from the 2026 summit, Poland officially decided to join the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI).

Q5:

With reference to the recently discovered 'PHP2Shell' vulnerabilities, which of the following statements is/are correct?

It consists of two critical memory-safety flaws (CVE-2026-109618 and CVE-2026-109619) that allow unauthenticated remote attackers to execute malicious code (RCE) on affected web servers.

The vulnerability is highly pervasive because PHP acts as a server-side programming language that powers approximately 70% of websites with identifiable server-side architectures.

Simple configuration updates (like changing the php.ini file variables) completely eliminate the vulnerability without needing to install updated core runtime versions.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 2 only

C: 2 and 3 only

D: 1, 2, and 3

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: PHP2Shell is a collective moniker for two critical, high-severity vulnerabilities (CVE-2026-109618 and CVE-2026-109619). They reside in the core request handling and memory layers of PHP, allowing remote code execution (RCE) without requiring user credentials or authentication.

Statement 2 is correct: PHP is one of the pillars of global digital infrastructure. It runs behind the scenes of roughly 70% of the world's websites whose server-side code is identifiable, including Content Management Systems (CMS) like WordPress (which fuels over 40% of the web). Hence, a core flaw has a compounding, systemic impact globally.

Statement 3 is incorrect: According to official tracking by security agencies and the PHP Foundation, configuration workarounds reduce risk vectors but do not completely eliminate the underlying vulnerability. The only definitive mitigation is updating the core runtime engine to patched versions (e.g., PHP 8.2.35, 8.3.36, 8.4.27, or 8.5.12) and restarting the web server processes.