Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Under Section 43D(5) of the UAPA, bail cannot be granted to an accused if the Court, on perusal of the case diary or chargesheet, is of the opinion that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the accusation against such person is prima facie true. This makes bail an exception under the law.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Under ordinary criminal law, the chargesheet is typically filed within 60 or 90 days. However, under the UAPA, this investigation period can be legally extended up to a maximum of 180 days upon the application of the Public Prosecutor.

Statement 3 is correct: In the landmark Union of India vs. K.A. Najeeb (2021) ruling, the Supreme Court established that constitutional courts have the inherent power to grant bail to UAPA undertrials in exceptional cases if they have suffered prolonged incarceration without a trial, as the fundamental right to a speedy trial flows from Article 21 of the Constitution.  

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Union Home Minister announced the launch of the Smart Border Project to upgrade and secure the borders specifically with Pakistan and Bangladesh, leveraging advanced technologies to reduce the reliance on manpower-intensive patrolling.

Statement 2 is correct: The Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS) serves as the technological core of smart border modernization. It integrates multiple surveillance technologies, such as underground sensors, thermal imaging, radars, and optical fiber-based communication networks, to create an impenetrable security grid.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Border Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme is a holistic border modernization initiative. Along with strengthening physical fencing and building forward posts, it emphasizes the funding and development of critical border road infrastructure to ensure rapid mobility for security forces.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is designated as the specialized border guarding force for the Sino-Indian border (LAC). While it operates as a Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), its operational command and deployment in forward areas along the China border are integrated under the operational control of the Indian Army.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Although the Assam Rifles does guard the India-Myanmar border, it operates under a unique dual-control structure. Its administrative control rests with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), while its operational control is exercised by the Indian Army (Ministry of Defence).

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Border Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme is a Central Sector Scheme (not Centrally Sponsored) funded entirely by the Union Government. Furthermore, it is not limited to physical fencing. It includes the deployment of technological solutions like the Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS) for riverine, desert, and mountainous terrains where physical fencing is not feasible.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: As part of the recent institutional initiatives to deepen maritime and regional cooperation, Cyprus has joined India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI).

Statement 2 is correct: To boost financial and digital integration, both countries have established a plan to link India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with Europe’s TARGET Instant Payment Settlement (TIPS) system by 2027.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Cyprus is not a founding member of the India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC). Rather, the recent agreements established a bilateral connectivity dialogue under the IMEC framework, aiming to develop Cyprus as a key European entry point for Indian goods.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: According to the SRS 2024 Report, India's Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined to 1.9, which is below the population replacement level of 2.1. This indicates that the country is moving toward a low-fertility society.

Statement 2 is correct: The report underscores prominent rural-urban disparities in health indicators. The IMR in rural areas stands significantly higher at 27, compared to 17 in urban areas. This reflects a need to strengthen the National Health Mission and primary healthcare systems.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The CBR (Crude Birth Rate) is actually lower in urban areas (14.7) and significantly higher in rural areas (20.2), representing unequal social and demographic development across geographies