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Daily-mcqs 23 Dec 2025
Q1:
With reference to the India–Netherlands Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC), consider the following statements: 1. The NMHC is developed at Lothal, a Harappan site known for one of the world’s earliest dockyards. 2. The MoU provides for institutional collaboration with the National Maritime Museum of Rotterdam. 3. The agreement includes exchange of technical expertise in maritime museum design, curation, and conservation. 4. One of the objectives of the MoU is to enhance tourism and inclusive access for students and local communities. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 1,3 and 4 only
C: 1, 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: B
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Correct: Lothal, located in Gujarat, is a prominent Indus Valley Civilization site and is globally known for its ancient dockyard.
Statement 2 – Incorrect: The MoU is with the National Maritime Museum, Amsterdam, not Rotterdam.
Statement 3 – Correct: Exchange of technical expertise in museum design, curation, and conservation is a core component of the MoU.
Statement 4 – Correct: The MoU explicitly aims to boost tourism and ensure inclusive access for students and local communities.
Q2:
Consider the following statements regarding India–Netherlands relations: 1. The Dutch were among the earliest European trading powers to establish factories in India in the early 17th century. 2. Dutch influence in India declined after their defeat in the Battle of Colachel and the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. 3. The Netherlands is India’s largest merchandise trading partner within the European Union. 4. India currently enjoys a trade surplus with the Netherlands. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 1,3 and 4 only
C: 1, 2 and 4 only
D: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: C
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Correct: Dutch traders entered India around 1605 and established trading posts in regions such as Coromandel, Bengal, and Surat.
Statement 2 – Correct: Dutch decline followed military defeat at Colachel (1741) and the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which transferred remaining possessions to the British.
Statement 3 – Incorrect: The Netherlands is India’s 2nd largest trading partner in the EU, after Germany.
Statement 4 – Correct: India has a significant trade surplus with the Netherlands (USD 17.769 billion in FY 2024–25).
Q3:
With reference to the Aravalli Mountain Range, consider the following statements: 1. It is one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world, dating back nearly two billion years. 2. It acts as a natural barrier preventing the eastward expansion of the Thar Desert. 3. Rivers such as the Chambal, Sabarmati, and Luni originate from the Aravalli Range. 4. Excessive quarrying in the Aravallis has contributed to groundwater depletion and air pollution in the NCR. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 1,3 and 4 only
C: 1, 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: D
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Correct: The Aravalli Range is among the world’s oldest mountain systems, formed nearly 2 billion years ago.
Statement 2 – Correct: It serves as a geomorphological and ecological barrier, restricting the eastward spread of the Thar Desert into fertile plains.
Statement 3 – Correct: Important rivers such as Chambal, Sabarmati, and Luni originate from the Aravallis.
Statement 4 – Correct: Decades of mining and quarrying have led to forest degradation, falling groundwater levels, and air pollution, particularly in the NCR.
Q4:
Consider the following statements regarding the Supreme Court–approved definition of Aravalli formations: 1. An Aravalli Hill is defined as a landform rising at least 100 metres above the surrounding local relief. 2. An Aravalli Range consists of two or more hills located within 500 metres of each other. 3. The definition replaces earlier slope-based and buffer-based criteria used by different states. 4. The definition mandates a complete and permanent ban on all mining activities across the Aravalli region. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 1,3 and 4 only
C: 1, 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: C
Explanation:
Statements 1 & 2 – Correct: The Supreme Court accepted the committee’s scientific criteria defining Aravalli Hill (≥100 m) and Aravalli Range (two or more hills within 500 m).
Statement 3 – Correct: The new definition replaces inconsistent slope-based or buffer-based definitions that created regulatory loopholes.
Statement 4 – Incorrect: The Court adopted a calibrated approach, allowing existing legal mining under strict regulation while pausing fresh approvals.
Q5:
With reference to the Great Indian Bustard (GIB), consider the following statements: 1. It is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. 2. Its remaining wild population is mainly confined to Rajasthan and Gujarat. 3. Collision with overhead power transmission lines is a major cause of its decline. 4. It is primarily found in dense tropical rainforests. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 1 and 3 only
C: 1, 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: C
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Correct: The GIB is categorised as Critically Endangered, with only a few dozen individuals left.
Statement 2 – Correct: Its last strongholds are the arid and semi-arid grasslands of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
Statement 3 – Correct: Overhead power line collisions are one of the leading causes of mortality.
Statement 4 – Incorrect: GIB inhabits grasslands and desert ecosystems, not tropical rainforests.
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