Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Türkiye, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Qatar formally signed the Badr Memorandum of Understanding on October 21, 2026, in Doha, Qatar, to enhance defence-industrial cooperation.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Badr MoU is strictly a non-binding framework focused on joint production, technology transfer, R&D, and technical military training. It does not contain a collective-defence obligation or a "mutual assistance clause" (unlike the separate Makkah Joint Defence Agreement signed earlier in August 2026 involving Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Türkiye).

Statement 3 is correct: Türkiye possesses the second-largest standing army in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) after the United States, along with a well-developed domestic defense industrial base.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 — Correct: The revised ICI covers nine industries, with iron ore added to the earlier basket of eight.

Statement 2 — Correct: The revised series has 2022–23 as its base year, replacing the earlier base year of 2011–12.

Statement 3 — Incorrect: The index is compiled by the Office of the Economic Adviser under DPIIT, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, not by the NSO.

Statement 4 — Correct: The eight traditionally covered core industries accounted for approximately 40.27% of the IIP weighting under the earlier framework. The supplied context rounds this to roughly 40%; the precise weight under the revised series should be checked against its official methodology.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Statement 1 — Correct: According to the supplied context, ICI growth reached 7.9% year-on-year in September 2026, compared with 5.9% in August 2026 and 3.1% in September 2025.

Statement 2 — Correct: Iron ore was the fastest-growing sector, at 18.4%, followed by electricity at 11.4%, coal at 10.7% and refinery products at 10.3%.

Statement 3 — Correct: Fertilisers contracted by 11.7%, natural gas by 4.6% and crude oil by 1.4%. Thus, six of the nine industries recorded positive growth.

Statement 4 — correct: Electricity has a weight of 30.932%, while refinery products and steel together have a combined weight of 40.156% (22.572% + 17.584%). Electricity therefore has a lower weight than these two sectors combined.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The indicative targets set by the National Biofuel Coordination Committee (NBCC) for SAF blending—starting at 1% from January 2027, 2% from 2028, and 5% by 2030—initially apply strictly to international flights. No mandatory targets have been implemented for domestic flights yet, though they may be introduced at a later stage.

Statement 2 is correct: In April 2026, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas issued an amendment notification to the Aviation Turbine Fuel (Regulation of Marketing) Order, 2001. This legal framework formally recognises SAF under the ATF rules, enabling regulatory compliance and standardized commercial blending across India.

Statement 3 is correct: Global regulations are moving faster than India's timeline. The European Union has mandated a 2% SAF blend at covered EU airports starting in 2025, scaling up to 6% by 2030. Similarly, the United Kingdom has introduced a 2% mandate starting in 2025, which increases aggressively to 10% by 2030. Indian carriers flying out of these international destinations already have to abide by these foreign laws.