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Daily-mcqs 13 Nov 2025
Q1:
With reference to the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) implemented in Delhi-NCR, consider the following statements: 1. GRAP Stage III is activated when the Air Quality Index (AQI) exceeds 400, falling under the "Severe" category. 2. Under Stage III, BS-III petrol and BS-IV diesel vehicles are prohibited from operating in Delhi-NCR. 3. Essential services vehicles and those used by physically challenged persons are exempted from GRAP Stage III restrictions. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 2 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Correct:
GRAP Stage III is implemented when the Air Quality Index (AQI) exceeds 401, marking the “Severe” category. It involves strict emergency measures to control pollution spikes.
Statement 2 – Correct:
In GRAP Stage III , BS-III petrol and BS-IV diesel vehicles be banned from operating in Delhi-NCR. Only CNG, electric, and BS-VI diesel vehicles are permitted.
Statement 3 – Correct:
Exemptions apply to vehicles used by physically challenged persons, emergency services (like ambulances, police, and fire services), and government/utility vehicles engaged in essential services.
Q2:
With reference to air pollutants, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Ground-level ozone is formed by the direct emission of ozone gas from vehicle exhaust. 2. Particulate matter (PM₂.₅) can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. 3. Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are precursors to ground-level ozone formation. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 2 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3
Answer: C
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Incorrect:
Ground-level ozone (O₃) is not directly emitted from any source. It is a secondary pollutant, formed through photochemical reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. Hence, it is not directly emitted by vehicles.
Statement 2 – Correct:
Fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) is small enough to penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, reach the alveoli, and even enter the bloodstream, leading to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Statement 3 – Correct:
NOₓ and VOCs act as precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone, which is a major component of urban smog.
Q3:
With reference to Tribunals in India, consider the following statements: 1. Tribunals were introduced through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, under Articles 323A and 323B of the Constitution. 2. Article 323A empowers both Parliament and State Legislatures to establish tribunals for service matters. 3. Article 323B enables the establishment of tribunals dealing with matters such as taxation, industrial disputes, and land reforms. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 1 and 3 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Correct:
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 introduced Articles 323A and 323B, providing the constitutional foundation for setting up tribunals in India to reduce the burden on regular courts.
Statement 2 – Incorrect:
Article 323A empowers only Parliament, not State Legislatures, to establish Administrative Tribunals dealing with service matters of public servants.
Statement 3 – Correct:
Article 323B empowers both Parliament and State Legislatures to establish tribunals for specific matters such as taxation, industrial disputes, land reforms, elections, and consumer protection.
Q4:
Consider the following provisions of the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021: 1. It fixes the tenure of tribunal members at four years. 2. It prescribes a minimum age of 50 years for appointment as a tribunal member. 3. It empowers the Central Government to make rules regarding the qualification, appointment, and service conditions of tribunal members. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 1 and 3 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Correct:
The Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021 provides that the tenure of the Chairperson and members of tribunals shall be four years, or until they attain a specified age, whichever is earlier.
Statement 2 – Correct:
The Act mandates a minimum age of 50 years for appointment.
Statement 3 – Correct:
The Act authorizes the Central Government to frame rules for the qualification, appointment, salaries, and service conditions of tribunal members.
Q5:
Consider the following statements regarding DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): 1. DNA is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone and four nitrogenous bases — Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. 2. In DNA, Adenine pairs with Guanine, and Cytosine pairs with Thymine through hydrogen bonding. 3. DNA replication, transcription, and translation together constitute the central dogma of molecular biology. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A: 1 and 2 only
B: 1 and 3 only
C: 2 and 3 only
D: 1, 2, and 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
Statement 1 – Correct:
DNA consists of a sugar-phosphate backbone and four nitrogenous bases — Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). These bases form the genetic code that carries hereditary information.
Statement 2 – Incorrect:
The correct base pairing rule is Adenine–Thymine (A–T) and Cytosine–Guanine (C–G), not Adenine–Guanine or Cytosine–Thymine. Each pair is held together by hydrogen bonds (A–T by two, C–G by three).
Statement 3 – Correct:
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information:
DNA → RNA → Protein
· Replication: DNA makes identical copies of itself.
· Transcription: DNA is transcribed into RNA.
· Translation: RNA is translated into proteins.
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