Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: CAMPA is not a statutory authority created in 2002. It was initially constituted by the Supreme Court of India in 2002 in the landmark case T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India. It became a statutory body only after the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Act came into force on 30 September 2018.

Statement 2 is correct: Under the structural framework of the CAF Act, the funds collected when forest land is diverted for non-forest purposes are shared. Exactly 90%of the funds are transferred to the respective State/UT CAMPA, and the remaining 10% is retained by the National CAMPA to finance national-level conservation initiatives.

Statement 3 is incorrect: CAMPA funds are generated through payments made by user agencies across a wide range of charges, which include Compensatory Afforestation (CA), Net Present Value (NPV) of forests, and other specific forest diversion charges. Therefore, it is not solely generated through NPV.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: During the 7th Governing Body Meeting of National CAMPA in Coimbatore, the authority approved a three-year extension of the MISHTI scheme till 2029. An additional ₹500 crore was allocated to take its total outlay to ₹600 crore. Furthermore, an entirely new scheme for landscape restoration was approved to combat land degradation and biodiversity loss.

Statement 2 is correct: The Governing Body approved the new Aastha Van Sanrakshan Yojana with an initial corpus of ₹3,000 crore for the period of 2026–31. The scheme aims to protect and conserve nearly 15,000 sacred groves, locally referred to as Aastha Vans, across various states in India.

Statement 3 is correct: As part of major wildlife conservation pushes, the Governing Body approved Project Snow Leopard Phase-II. This ongoing effort to protect the endangered snow leopard specifically includes plans for conducting the second nationwide population estimation for the species. Other approved wildlife plans include the River Dolphins recovery plan, the Indian Rhinoceros action plan, and the Wild Water Buffalo strategy.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct. The Astra Mk-1 is indeed India's first indigenously developed BVRAAM capable of engaging highly manoeuvrable supersonic aircraft.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Astra Mk-1 has an operational range of 80–110 km. The operational range of 200–240 km belongs to the Astra Mk-2, which is currently under development.
Statement 3 is correct. It has been designed and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
Statement 4 is correct. Recently, India and Indonesia signed a landmark agreement marking the first-ever export of an indigenous air-to-air missile by India. The missiles will be integrated into Indonesia's Sukhoi Su-30 and Su-27 fighter aircraft.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect. BVRAAMs are advanced air-to-air missiles designed to engage aerial targets beyond the pilot's visual range, generally beyond 37 km (20 nautical miles).
Statement 2 is correct. By engaging targets at long distances, BVRAAMs neutralize enemy aircraft before close-range combat occurs, which supports network-centric warfare and significantly enhances pilot survivability.
Statement 3 is correct. The Astra Mk-3 (christened Gandiva) is an advanced variant currently under development. It is powered by a Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) propulsion system, which will allow it to reach engagement ranges over 350 km.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a statutory, six-member body constituted under the amended Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
Statement 2 is correct: The committee consists of six members: three from the RBI (including the Governor) and three independent external members appointed by the Central Government.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Members of the MPC serve a four-year term but are not eligible for reappointment.
Statement 4 is incorrect: The MPC follows an inflation-targeting framework that primarily focuses on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), not the Wholesale Price Index (WPI). The target is set at 4% with a tolerance band of 2%–6%.