Answer: A

Explanation:

• Statement 1 – Correct.
  The UDISE+ Report 2025–26 reports the following PTR:




• Foundational Stage – 10:1


• Preparatory Stage – 12:1


• Middle Stage – 17:1


• Secondary Stage – 21:1

All are well below the NEP 2020 benchmark of 30:1, indicating improved teacher availability.

• Statement 2 – Correct.
  NEP 2020 replaces the traditional 10+2 structure with the 5+3+3+4 curricular framework:




• Foundational Stage – 5 years


• Preparatory Stage – 3 years


• Middle Stage – 3 years


• Secondary Stage – 4 years




• Statement 3 – Incorrect.
  The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) at the secondary level increased, not declined, from 68.5% to 71.7%.

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Statement 1 – Correct.
  The report highlights that secondary-level dropout remains a major concern because of limited school availability and socio-economic barriers.


• Statement 2 – Correct.
  Only 29.9% of schools have rainwater harvesting systems, indicating the need to strengthen sustainable school infrastructure.


• Statement 3 – Correct.
  Although the number of single-teacher schools has declined, around one lakh schools (1,00,843) still operate with only one teacher, affecting teaching quality.


• Statement 4 – Incorrect.
  This is the opposite of the report's finding. 99.5% of schools have drinking water facilities, making this one of the strongest infrastructure achievements.

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Statement 1 – Correct.
  Gaganyaan is India's first human spaceflight mission, aiming to send three astronauts to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of around 400 km for a mission of up to seven days, followed by a safe splashdown in Indian waters.


• Statement 2 – Correct.
  The mission will be launched aboard the Human-Rated LVM3 (HLVM3), a modified and human-certified version of ISRO's heavy-lift launch vehicle.


• Statement 3 – Correct.
  Before the crewed flight, ISRO will undertake uncrewed test missions, including one carrying the humanoid robot Vyommitra, to evaluate spacecraft systems and mission safety.


• Statement 4 – Incorrect.
  The Crew Escape System (CES) is an emergency safety system designed to rapidly separate the Crew Module from the launch vehicle in case of a launch emergency. It is not used for orbital propulsion or manoeuvring. Orbital functions are performed by the Service Module.

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Statement 1 – Correct.
  India and Indonesia agreed to strengthen cooperation in critical minerals, rare earths, and steel supply chains. A proposed joint venture between SAIL and PT Krakatau Steel will explore stainless steel production and technology transfer. This is strategically important because Indonesia possesses some of the world's largest nickel reserves, essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries.


• Statement 2 – Correct.
  Cooperation between ISRO and Indonesia's BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency) will include support for the Gaganyaan Mission through Biak tracking facilities, along with collaboration in AI, nuclear energy, and scientific research.


• Statement 3 – Correct.
  India will assist in the restoration of the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Prambanan Temple Complex, reflecting the deep civilizational and cultural links between the two countries. Additionally, 2026–27 will be celebrated as the Tagore–Dewantara Year.


• Statement 4 – Incorrect.
  The two countries did not agree to create a common currency. Instead, they agreed to promote Local Currency Transactions (LCT) between the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Bank Indonesia, reducing dependence on third-country currencies for bilateral trade.

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 – Correct.
  White Gut Disease (WGD), also known as White Feces Disease (WFD), mainly affects the Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), which accounts for the majority of India's farmed shrimp production and exports.


• Statement 2 – Incorrect.
  WGD is not caused by a single pathogen. It is a multifactorial disease, resulting from a combination of:




• Opportunistic pathogens,


• Poor water quality,


• Environmental stress,


• Poor pond management,


• Weak biosecurity practices.

This distinguishes it from diseases caused by a specific bacterium or virus.

• Statement 3 – Correct.
  The disease is identified by floating white faecal strings in ponds and poor gut health. Other symptoms include:




• Reduced feed intake,


• Stunted growth,


• Brown or damaged intestines,


• Soft shells,


• Lower survival rates.