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Daily-mcqs 07 Oct 2025

Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams 07 Oct 2025

Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams

Q1:

Consider the following statements regarding the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine:

1.   The prize was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.

2.   Their research identified the FOXP3 gene as essential for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

3.   The laureates discovered a novel cytokine that suppresses T-cell activation.

Which of the above statements are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 1 and 3 only

C: 2 and 3 only

D: 1, 2, and 3

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance. Their work elucidated how regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues, a mechanism critical in preventing autoimmune diseases and enhancing transplant acceptance.

Statement 2 is correct. Their research identified the FOXP3 gene as essential for the development and function of regulatory T cells. Mutations in this gene are linked to autoimmune disorders such as IPEX syndrome in humans and scurfy in mice.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The laureates did not discover a novel cytokine that suppresses T-cell activation. Instead, their work focused on understanding the role of regulatory T cells and the FOXP3 gene in immune system regulation.

Q2:

With reference to INS Androth, consider the following statements:

It is a type of Anti Submarine Warfare ship, part of the “Arnala class”.

It is made by GRSE with more than 80% of the parts made in India.

It moves using water-jet systems powered by diesel engines.

The ship is named after an island in Andaman & Nicobar

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 1,3 and 4 only

C: 1, 2 and 3 only

D: 1, 2, 3 and 4

Show

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct. INS Androth is part of the ASW‑SWC series (Anti‑Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft), sometimes referred to as the Arnala class.

Statement 2 is correct. It is being built by GRSE and features a high level of indigenous content (over 80 %).

Statement 3 is correct. The ship uses water‑jet propulsion driven by multiple (three) marine diesel engines.

Statement 4 is incorrect. It is named after the Androth Island in the Lakshadweep archipelago, not in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Q3:

Which of the following statements about NITI Aayog is/are correct?

1.   It is a constitutional body established by an act of Parliament.

2.   The Prime Minister is the ex officio Chairperson of NITI Aayog.

3.   It has the power to allocate funds to states for centrally sponsored schemes.

4.   It fosters cooperative federalism by involving state governments in policy deliberations.

Options:

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 1,3 and 4 only

C: 2 and 4 only

D: 1, 2, 3 and 4

Show

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: NITI Aayog is not a constitutional body; it was created by Cabinet resolution (i.e. executive action), not by a law or constitutional amendment.

Statement 2 is correct: The Prime Minister serves as the Chairperson of NITI Aayog in an ex officio capacity.

Statement 3 is incorrect: NITI Aayog does not have allocative or budgetary powers to disburse funds; it has an advisory and coordination role

Statement 4 is correct: One of the core principles of NITI Aayog is cooperative federalism, which means involving states in policy formulation and planning.

Q4:

Which of the following statements about regulatory T cells (Tregs) and FOXP3 are correct?

1.   Regulatory T cells help restrain autoimmune responses by suppressing overactive immune cells in the periphery.

2.   FOXP3 is indispensable for the formation and maintenance of regulatory T cells.

3.   The absence or mutation of FOXP3 leads to a human autoimmune disorder known as IPEX syndrome.

4.   The Nobel laureates’ work showed that central deletion in the thymus is the only mechanism ensuring immune tolerance.

Options:

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 1 and 3 only

C: 1, 2 and 3 only

D: 1, 2, 3 and 4

Show

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: regulatory T cells are key in peripheral suppression of self‑reactive cells.

Statement 2 is correct: FOXP3 is essential for the differentiation, function, and stability of Tregs. Without it, Tregs do not form properly.

Statement 3 is correct: FOXP3 mutations are associated with IPEX syndrome (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‑linked) in humans.

Statement 4 is incorrect: The laureates’ work emphasizes that peripheral tolerance, mediated by Tregs, is a complement (not replacement) to central deletion; they did not claim central deletion is the only mechanism.

Q5:

Which of the following statements about the NAKSHA (National Geospatial Knowledge‑based Land Survey of Urban Habitations) scheme is/are correct?

It is launched under the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP).

The pilot covers over 150 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) across several states and union territories.

It is fully funded by the states, with matching central assistance.

It uses aerial survey, GIS, and ground verification to produce geospatial land parcel records.

Options:

A: 1 only

B: 1,2 and 4 only

C: 2 ,3 and 4 only

D: 1, 2, 3 and 4

Show

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: NAKSHA is a scheme under DILRMP.

Statement 2 is correct: The pilot covers about 152 to 157 ULBs in multiple states / UTs.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The scheme is centrally funded (i.e. funding by the Government of India) in its pilot stage.

Statement 4 is correct: It employs aerial surveys (drones / imagery), GIS / Web‑GIS, and ground truthing (field verification) to build geospatial parcel maps.