Relevance: GS-3: Conservation, Environmental Pollution, and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.

Key Phrases: Mineral Security Partnership (MSP), Critical minerals, Supply shock, Khanij Bidesh India Limited, Clean Energy Transitions, International Energy Agency, net-zero, and energy transition goals, Sustainable exploration.

Relevance: GS-2: Welfare for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States.

Key Phrases: Juvenile Justice Act, Corporal punishment, Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, Mental harassment, Indian Penal Code, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, Article 21A, Article 24, Article 39 (e), Corporal Punishment Monitoring Cell.

Relevance: GS-2: Bilateral, Regional, and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

Key Phrases: International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), Central Asia, Euro-Asian Conference on Transport in 2000, Suez Canal,Chabahar-Zahedan railway line, India Ports Global Limited, Chabahar port, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Quad Summit,Non-alignment to multi-alignment.

Relevance: GS-3: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life; Achievements of Indians in science & technology; Awareness in the fields of IT, Computers, robotics

Key Phrases: Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Application of IoT in education